Database Systems and Data Management Essay - 2764 Words

Table of Contents , 1. Introduction 3 2. Data Management 3 2.1 Database 3 2.2 Database Systems 3 2.2.1 Requirement modeling 4 2.2.2 Schema design : 4 2.2.3 Implementation 4 2.3 Project 4 3. Data Mining 5 3.1 Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ITCS 6162) 5 3.1.1 Association rules 6 3.1.2 Classification 7 3.1.3 Clustering 7 3.1.3.1 Partitioning methods 8 3.1.3.2 Hierarchical methods 8 3.1.4 Anomaly Detection 8 3.1.4.1 Graphical based 9 3.1.4.2 Statistical based 9 3.1.4.3 Distance based 9 3.2 Knowledge Based Systems (ITCS 6155) 9 3.2.1 Information Systems 9 3.2.2 Query Languages and their Semantics 10 3.2.3 Project 11 4. Conclusion 12 5. References 12 1. Introduction Databases always used to fascinate me from†¦show more content†¦In this file processing system the data is defined as a part of application program. So the program works only for the specific data. Database System is an application program that can access the database by sending queries or requests to the DBMS. DBMS-Database Management System is a collection of software programs used to define, construct, maintain and manipulate data in a database. The DBMS defines a Data Definition Language-DDL for declaring and modifying the schema, a Data Manipulation Language-DML for Querying and modifying the data. Mundane operations on data are automated in the DBMS so that we dont have to program over and over for a specific data and we can write complex data manipulations in just few lines. it also makes concurrent access/manipulations possible so that many users can use data at the same time. DBMS uses three steps in building a database application. 2.2.1 Requirement modeling: It is a Conceptual model(ER-Model). This step decides on what entities should be part of the application and how they should be linked depending on its relationship with other entities. 2.2.2 Schema design: In this phase the Relational schema and relational tables are designed from the ER-model. It decides on the set of tables and attributes that have to be included in the schema. It defines the required tables in the database and populates the database. 2.2.3 Implementation: It Implements the database application in a Database specific programming languageShow MoreRelatedData Modeling For A Relational Database Management System1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe need to store and evaluate data is a perpetually growing field in the world of information systems. From the days of using flat files to very large database management systems that store petabytes of data in real time, the practice of building information from data continues to evolve. Today, the relational data model is quite ubiquitous and is used in a plethora of information systems ranging from accounting systems, banks, retail business, and scientific usage. It is important to understandRead MoreHow Database Management Systems Help Consolidate And Standardize Large Files Of Data1932 Words   |  8 PagesAchieving data independence o Comprehensive date security o Quick updating of data o Establishing data relationships It is difficult for the companies to develop and control the database. Database Management Systems help organizations to consolidate and standardize large files of data. Advantages of DBMS 1. Improved data security – Whenever in an organization the number of users accessing the data increases, risk of data security increase simultaneously. (Ramakrishnan, Gehrke 2003) DBMS provideRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. 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Thus, a database management system (abbreviated as DBMS) can be defined as the cumulated system that helps the user to access and make effective useRead Moredatabase management system and information retrieval system1100 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. A database management system in the main software tool of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance, and use of the database of an organization and its users. The three major functions of a database management system are first to create new database and database application. Second to maintain the quality of the data in an organized database. And last toRead MoreAn Overview Of Distributed Database Management System769 Words   |  4 Pagesof Distributed database management system In the current situation, the used of distributed network is increasing day by day. Due to its increasing demand, the requirement for improvement in distributed database management system is in high peak. Database designer and developer are working hard to meet the ongoing demand of distributed database management system. Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS) is a centralized database application that manage the distributed database and synchronizeRead MoreTechnology Is All Around Us1552 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology, large amounts of data are being collected. Data, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is facts of information used usually to calculate, analyze, or plan something. Data is being collected almost everywhere and anywhere; students, teachers, businesses, scientist, bankers, car salesmen, just to name a few, all collect data. Database management systems were created to manage and store the data so it is accessible to the user. Huge amounts of data are being obtained regardingRead MoreUse of Database Management Systems to Meet Business Needs.1421 Words   |  6 PagesUse of database management systems to meet business needs. Submitted By: Course Title: Strategic Planning for Database Systems Date: Introduction Globalization and increased speed in business intensify competition, and most firms need to continuously innovate to ensure long term competitiveness. (Bjork and Magnusson, 2009) In the last couple of years business has seen huge transformations from the way it is conducted. Any small business may eventually grow into a bigger one or mayRead MoreDatabase Management Systems676 Words   |  3 PagesDatabase Management Systems A database management system (DBMS) is computer software designed for the purpose of managing databases. Typical examples of DBMSs include Oracle, IBMs DB2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, 4th Dimension and FileMaker. DBMSs are typically used by Database administrators in the creation of Database systems. DBMS enables the user to store, modify, and extract information from a database(Tenner, 2005). There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging fromRead MoreDatabase Management System And Microsoft Sql Server Vs. Teradata754 Words   |  4 PagesDBMS Database Management System or DBMS is a collecting computer program used for creating, deleting, editing and maintaining collections of different data records. There are many different types of database management systems; they are used to stored, managed database model. Different DBMS systems are Relational Database System, Flat Files Base Database Management, Hierarchical Database Management Systems, Network Database Management System and Object-oriented Database Management Systems. ()

Critically Evaluate the Importance of Regulator in...

Users of accounting information, who do not have day to day access to the record of the business, rely on the integrity and judgment of management to provide suitable information of a high quality. All financial statements are essentially historical documents they shows the financial performance of the company. Most users of financial statements are concerned about what will happen in the future and decision making upon the present or past financial records of the company. Stockholders are concerned in future earnings and dividends. Creditors are concerned with the company’s future ability to repay its debts. Managers are concerned with the company’s ability to finance future expansions. Despite the fact that financial statements are†¦show more content†¦It is essential that the information provided in financial statements is readily understandable by users. Users are assumed to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting, and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligence. Also information has the quality of relevance when it influences the economic decisions of users by helping them evaluate past present and future events or confirming or correcting the past evaluations. Information is material and it depends on the size of the item or error judge in the particular circumstance of its omission or misstatement. The IASB framework takes the view that materiality is a cut off point whether information is important to the users. If information must be relevant but so unreliable that it could be misleading so the information must be reliable. Information has the quality of reliability when it is free from material error and bias. Comparability in a financial statement means that users must be able to compare the financial statements of enterprise overtime to identify trends in its financial position and performance. Users must also be able to compare the financial statements of different companies to evaluate their relative financial position, performance and changes. The accounting measurement principles that establish reliability and about the disclosure of information that allowsShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Enron And Worldcom1490 Words   |  6 Pagesoffset the cost. This paper begins with the definition and brief description of statutory audit. It will then go on to address main issue by critically discuss whether the statutory audit still serves a purpose. The evidence that agree with this statement would be audit has emerged as powerful key to ensure the accountability and transparency of financial statement. Moreover, audit is frequently prescribed for protecting the users from corruption by monitoring the company’s control system. However, theRead MoreA Sound Financial Reporting System, Supported by High Quality Accounting Standards and Backed by a Solid Regulatory, Governance and Ethical Framework, Is a Pre-Requisite for Economic Development.2064 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"A sound financial reporting system, supported by high qua lity accounting standards and backed by a solid regulatory, governance and ethical framework, is a pre-requisite for economic development†. Accounting has been around since the beginning of civilization and played an important role in the development of cities, trade and the concepts of wealth. Nowadays, business is very complex and therefore there is an increased need for providing accurate and reliable financial information. 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Kashmir Essay Example For Students

Kashmir Essay KASHMIR?Geography,Kashmir is located in Himalayan range. Most of the area is mountainous with very fertile land, beautiful lakes, covered with thick green forests and produce verity of fruits. Area, 84471 sq.: miles; with boundaries with Pakistan, India, china and Afghanistan. Population,About 5 million consisting of 77% Muslim. Borders with Pakistan 902 miles and borders with India 307 miles. Brief History, The state of Kashmir came into existence in 1848 when Lord Lawrence the Governor General of British India sold the area to Gulab Singh a leader of Hindu dogra tribe for RS 7.5 million. Dogra rulers treated the Muslim Population who was meek, poor and peace loving harshly and taxed them Heavily. At that time of partition of India every state was given the option of acceding either to India or Pakistan. Lord Mountbatten the last Viceroy of India in his addressed the prince of the state on July 25,1947 said, accede to India or Pakistan, bearing in mind the geographical situation by the respective state, the composition of their population and wishes of their people. According to the portion of India plan announced by the viceroy of India on June 3 1947, the Muslim majority provinces were to become Pakistan and those with Hindu majority were to form India. The province of Punjab was accordingly to be divided. A boundary commission headed by sir Redchiff was appointed. This commission wrongfully awarded a Teshil (county) namely Gurdaspur to India to provide land connection between Kashmir and India. On July 19 1947 the Muslim conference, the only political party of Kashmir announced that it demands accession to Pakistan. The Hindu maharaja Harry Singh honoree acceded to India whole population rose in revolt. The maharaja fold to India and the Indians troops invoked the valley on October 27 1947. The Kashmir freedom fighter supported by Afghanistan tribes men put up a resistance. The Security Council of UNO passed a resolution asking India and Pakistan to cease-fire for January 1,1949. In another resolution the Security Council asked both the count ries to with draw their forces from the state for an impartial plebiscite under the control of UNO to decide the future of Kashmir. UN military observes has since been appointed on cease-fire line. A commission to arrange plebiscite was also appointed headed by Mr. Gunner Jarring. India however has been adopting delaying tactics ever since to allow the Kashmiris to exercise their right of self determination. India and Pakistan have gone to war over in 1965 and 1971. In 1971 the cease-fire line was given the name of line of control. The people of Kashmir struggled in peaceful political way for about 40 years and then started armed resistance 11 years ago. The India govt. deployed 0.6 million troops to crush the resistance with tyranny and iron hand. The atrocities and violation of human rights has been recently announced in a report by Asia watch an international human rights group. Some by the figures are: 1. There is 1 military person per 7.Killed 60,000 in less than 9 years, injur ed 41,000 Refugees 50,000, People burned alive 5000. 2. There are 10,000 young widows at present in Kashmir. Women gang raped 47003.There are 7000 youth in the jail. There are 585 government schools, out of which 262 are with the security forces. Some of them are used as interrogation centers and torture cells. The army also occupies the sports stadiums. -school, shops and houses burned and destroyed 27,470 4.There are 30,000 orphans. 5. There are 20 to 25 deaths per day (by killings) by false encounter .There are approximately 10 to 15 people taken in the lockup daily. .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .postImageUrl , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:hover , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:visited , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:active { border:0!important; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:active , .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2 .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufafa78bfb85f76caf55cd6099869f5d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Real Family Values Essay6.There are 60 doctors including the junior most for the 500 bedded hospital, which admits 600 patients. In Feb 1999, the Kashmiri freedom fighters supported by Mujahideens of Afghanistan and Pakistan took control of kargil, Batalak and Daras sector in High Mountain cutting off supply route of India occupation army in Leah and siachin. Indian army could not even after 2 months of attempts dislodge them and suffered heavy casualties. Tension mounted so much that India and Pakistan were on the verge of full-scale war, which could turn into a nuclear war. This looming nuclear disaster over south east Asia has for the time begin halted due to the intervention by the US president. It is hoped that dialogue would soon be resumed to reach the political settlement the Kashmir issue has now become internationalized and the world community has realized the danger if it remains unsolved, the Kashmir peoples struggles for last 52 years to achieve their right of self determination is at last in final phase. . The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people Martin Luther King